What is a Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. It develops in the top layer of skin, called the epidermis, and if left untreated, can penetrate all the way down to bone. A small percentage of SCC's may even spread to distant organs, tissues and/or lymph nodes if not treated in a timely matter. SCC's can grow rapidly in a short amount of time and may become very painful. 

Like Basal Cell Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinomas develop in areas where the skin has had UV exposure. It can also develop on mucous membranes, like the lips and tongue, where they have a much higher risk of spreading. 

They can have a “wart-like” quality to them that can crust and bleed, appear as a persistent red patch with irregular borders, or an open sore that will not heal. Sometimes they can even grow a “cutaneous horn”, which is hard like a fingernail. 

A biopsy can confirm the spot is a SCC and what sub-type it is, In-situ (only found in the upper layer of the skin), or invasive (has begun to penetrate the deeper layers of skin). Depending on the type and location, a few treatment options are available. For Squamous Cell in-Situ, a topical immune-stimulating cream, such as Zyclara, can be used to stimulate the body to repair the damaged tissue. If the tumour does not respond to topical therapy, then surgical excision is indicated. For invasive SCC's, surgical intervention is required, either as a wide-excision or Mohs Micrographic Surgery.